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Jellyfish are free floating dome-shaped creatures with long
tentacles. The tentacles are two to four feet in length. Most
jellyfish stings are accidental, and occur when swimmers and
surfers swim into the dangling stinging tentacles, called
nematocysts, which are small venom glands that contain small,
sharp tubes that release the venom. Typical stings appear
in linear lines or lines that swirl along the arms or legs,
which makes sense given the fact that the tentacles float
in the water.
The local reaction is intense redness to the area and raised
bumps which can itch, but usually burn and hurt. In severe
allergic reactions, swollen lymph nodes may occur. However,
this is somewhat rare. Putting fresh water on affected areas
is not advised, as this will increase the burning sensation
caused by the venom. The area should be rinsed with salt water
or vinegar, which deactivates the toxin. It is true that there
is some benefit in urinating on the area, because the difference
in pH decreases the burning. Although obviously not practical,
in extreme situations where more conventional methods are
not available, this may help. Over-the-counter pain medications
can be helpful to decrease pain. Two Ibuprofen and two Acetaminophen
at the same time can help decrease the pain. This can be taken
every 8 hours. Stings rarely result in scarring, and individuals
generally recover quite well. Reactions to Portuguese Man-of-War
stings are far more severe, and will be discussed in the section
on Man-of-War stings.
Jellyfish Sting Treatment
Healthcare Provider - Medical Treatment
Jellyfish stings are usually very benign
as opposed to the box jellyfish, where close observation and
monitoring is important. Topical Benadryl cream, topic hydrocortisone
creams can be affective in relieving pain as well as itching.
Many individuals do not even seek out treatment.
References
1. Auerbach; Invenomations
From Jellyfish or Related Species
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